Ocular Surface Disorders:
Diseases affecting the ocular surface result in non-specific symptoms and can range from a tired or itching eye to diminished vision in severe cases. The common conditions are:
• Dry Eye
• Corneal diseases with stem-cell deficiency
• Pterygium and other conjunctival disorders
• Ocular sensitivity and Neurotrophic Keratopathy
• Ocular allergic diseases
• Eyelid margin diseases such as Blepharitis and Meibomitis
Infections must be quickly and effectively tackled in order to minimize visual loss, relieve pain, eliminate the infectious agent, and minimize structural damage to the cornea and the other ocular structures. The common conditions are:
- Conjunctivitis
- Corneal ulcer
- Sclera ulcer
Corneal dystrophy is a condition in which one or more parts of the cornea lose their normal clarity. There are over 20 corneal dystrophies that affect all parts of the cornea. Some cause severe visual impairment while a few cause no vision problem and are discovered during a routine eye examination. Other dystrophies may cause repeated episodes of pain without leading to permanent loss of vision. Some of the most common corneal dystrophies include :
1. Fuchs' dystrophy
2. Lattice dystrophy
3. Map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy
These disorders are characterized by a progressive change in the shape of the cornea that results in a decrease in vision. Contact lenses are of benefit and obviate the need for surgery in most cases. However, a small portion of patients reach the point where they need a cornea transplant. Some of the common diseases include :
1. Keratoconus
2. Pellucid marginal degeneration
3. Terriens marginal degeneration
Injuries may result from severe blunt trauma or any kind of penetrating injury. The aim is to restore and maintain the integrity of the globe, avoid further intraocular damage and prevent permanent corneal scarring and astigmatism.